Some famous residents of Prague: Franz Kafka (depressing author), Dvorak (composer), Alfons Mucha (Art Noveau), Good King Wenceslaus (actually a Duke). Many well-known artists/writers from western Europe visited over the years (e.g. Mozart and Beethoven). Prague is also home to David Cerny, a modern sculptor with a wicked sense of humour who has some very nice pieces dotted around the city (see some examples below).
Czech Republic's most famous painting
(Given as a gift before a major battle that the Bohemian army won,
so naturally they assumed that the painting caused the victory)
The weirdest collection of art in Prague
For example ...
More interior of the Magic Cavern
Statue of boy (touching it allegedly brings luck)
(so guess which bit people decide to touch ...?)
Ghost statue outside concert hall
Street Art (part of a late 1990's exhibition)
(Allegedly still only in position because it's too high to reach so can't be stolen)
David Cerny's "Walking Trabant"
(a tribute to East German refugees who escaped to Prague before fall of Berlin Wall)
Man peeing in pool shaped like Czech Republic (David Cerny)
(allegedly you can get it to pee your name by ringing a certain phone number)
Wenceslaus riding a dead horse (David Cerny)
(symbolises overthrow of communism by Czech people)